This paper proposes a novel unified framework for mental illness—"Algorithmic Pathology." This framework is founded upon the "Self-Algorithm" theory, which conceptualizes the "self" as an adaptive algorithm evolved to solve a specific survival problem: coordinating conflicting homeostatic reward-punishment signals within a fragile physical body. This algorithm consists of three core modules: the Interoceptive Module, the Threat-Detection Module, and the Sense-of-Control Module. Based on this architecture, this paper redefines depression, anxiety disorders, and addiction, interpreting them resp
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