AbstractContemporary western paradigms of consciousness study, including panpsychism, emergentism and cosmopsychism, are built on the presupposition of mind-matter dualism, which leads to the combination problem, emergence paradox and ontological grounding difficulty. This theoretical deadlock can be diagnosed as a “civilizational theoretical amnesia” brought by modern disenchantment. The qi-materialism represented by Zhang Zai and Wang Fuzhi constructs an ontological continuum of mind and matter without the separation of mind and matter. Based on Wang Chuanshan’s qi theory, this paper puts fo
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